How to find it?
Open your Steam profile and copy its page URL. If it contains /profiles/765…, that 17-digit number is your SteamID64.
If you use a custom /id/ URL, paste the profile link into SteamID lookup and copy the SteamID64 result.
Why is it needed?
Castle Crashers encrypts each save using its owner’s SteamID64, so the matching number is required to read the file.